Glaucoma
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Glaucoma is a group of
eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, which is vital to good vision. This
damage is often caused by an abnormally high pressure in your eye. It is a
vision-threatening disorder characterized by slow loss of optic nerve fibres.
Unfortunately, the most common type of glaucoma has no warning signs. The
effect is so gradual that you may not notice a change in vision until the
condition has reached an advanced stage.
Susceptibility to this
disease depends on a variety of factors including the level of pressure in the
eye, a genetic tendency and older age.
Glaucoma sometimes is
caused by an abnormal build-up of a clear fluid called aqueous humour inside
the eyeball. Normally drained away and replaced by the eye, the fluid is
critical for bringing nutrients to the lens and cornea and removing waste
material.
It is one of the
leading causes of blindness in the world. Vision loss due to glaucoma can't be
recovered. If glaucoma is recognized at an early stage, vision loss can be
slowed or prevented. If you have the condition, you'll usually need treatment
for the rest of your life. Glaucoma tends to run in families. In some people,
scientists have identified genes related to high eye pressure and optic nerve
damage.
Symptoms
Open-angle glaucoma
Open-angle glaucoma is the
most common form of the disease. The drainage angle formed by the cornea and
iris remains open, but the trabecular meshwork is partially blocked. This
causes pressure in the eye to gradually increase. This pressure damages the
optic nerve. It happens so slowly that you may lose vision before you're even
aware of a problem.
·
Patchy blind spots in your side (peripheral) or central vision
·
Tunnel vision in the advanced stages
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
When the iris bulges forward
to narrow or block the drainage angle formed by the cornea and iris,
Angle-closure glaucoma, also called closed-angle glaucoma occurs. As a
result, fluid can't circulate through the eye and pressure increases.
Angle-closure glaucoma may
occur suddenly (acute angle-closure glaucoma) or gradually (chronic
angle-closure glaucoma). Acute angle glaucoma is a medical emergency. It can be
triggered due to the sudden dilation of your pupils.
·
Severe headache
·
Pain in the eye
·
Nausea and vomiting
·
Blurry vision
·
Halos around lights
·
Redness of the eye
When to see a doctor?
Promptly rush to the Zahra Medicare if you experience some of the symptoms of
acute angle-closure glaucoma, such as severe headache, eye pain and blurred
vision.
The Zahra Medicare offers comprehensive glaucoma care and second
opinion consultations for all forms of glaucoma. Our staff often provides
evaluations of diagnosis or treatment options to patients when these are
requested by the eye physicians or when patients desire our opinion themselves.
We, at The Zahra Medicare care for infants and
children, adults, and all forms of glaucoma, whether primary or related to
complex eye problems. Medical treatment, laser therapies, and surgical
procedures for glaucoma are available.
Our specialists
are studying new methods to improve glaucoma care, including stem cell
research, gene therapy, preventive programs for glaucoma worldwide, improved
diagnostic imaging, and methods to make glaucoma surgery safer
Tests and diagnosis
The Zahra Medicare glaucoma staff specializes in
the diagnosis and the medical and surgical management of primary, secondary and
complicated glaucoma in patients of all ages. The goal of our doctors in the
treatment of glaucoma is to prevent further vision loss by controlling pressure
in the eye similar to controlling blood pressure to prevent a stroke. There are
several ways in which glaucoma can be successfully treated. Various tests and
diagnosis methods are carried out by our highly trained staff at the Zahra Medicare. Depending upon your condition and by the
recommendation of your specialist, the tests may include:
·
Medications, in the form of eye drops or pills, lower pressure
by reducing the amount of fluid produced in the eye, and by increasing
drainage. One or more medicines may be used at the same time.
·
Laser therapy, performed on an outpatient basis, is used to
reduce pressure in the eye. A procedure called laser trabeculoplasty improves
fluid drainage in patients with open-angle glaucoma. People with closed-angle
glaucoma usually must be treated with a procedure called laser iridotomy, which
creates a tiny opening in the iris (coloured part of the eye), allowing the
drainage angle to open.
·
Surgery may be needed to create a second drainage channel in the
eye to supplement the natural one. Glaucoma surgery is usually performed on an
outpatient basis using local anaesthesia, and may allow the patient to reduce
or eliminate glaucoma medications.
·
For more advanced cases, an artificial glaucoma drainage implant
may help to decrease pressure. The implant helps to drain excess fluid, which
is then absorbed into the body.
Treatment and services
Patients benefit from our state-of-the-art glaucoma testing
capabilities and technology at the Zahra Medicare including automated visual field testing,
retinal nerve fibre layer photography, stereoscopic disc photography and
computerized optic disc analysis. Treatment options include the latest topical
medications, glaucoma implants, laser therapy, glaucoma filtration surgery,
cataract surgery and combined glaucoma/cataract surgery. Other services also
include
·
Eye drops. Glaucoma treatment often
starts with prescription eye drops. These can help decrease eye pressure by
improving how fluid drains from your eye or by decreasing the amount of fluid
your eye makes.
·
Filtering surgery: With a surgical procedure
called a trabeculectomy, the surgeon creates an opening in the white of the eye
(sclera) and removes part of the trabecular meshwork.
·
Drainage tubes: In this procedure, your eye
surgeon inserts a small tube in your eye.
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