Refraction Test
What is a refraction test?
A refraction test is usually given as part of a routine eye
examination. It may also be called a vision test. This test tells your eye
doctor exactly what prescription you need in your glasses or contact lenses.
Normally, a value of 20/20 is considered to be optimum, or
perfect vision. Individuals who have 20/20 vision are able to read letters that
are 3/8 of an inch tall from 20 feet away.
If you don’t have 20/20 vision, you have what is called a
refractive error. A refractive error means that the light is not bending
properly when it passes through the lens of your eye. The refraction test will
tell your doctor what prescription lens you should use in order to have 20/20
vision.
This test tells your doctor if you need prescription lenses, as
well as what prescription lens you need to see properly.
The results of the test are used to diagnose the following
conditions:
- astigmatism, a refractive problem with
the eye related to the shape of the lens, which causes blurry vision
- hyperopia, which is also known as farsightedness
- myopia, which is also known as nearsightedness
- presbyopia, a condition related to aging
that causes lens of the eye to have trouble focusing
The results of the test can help diagnose the following
conditions:
- macular degeneration, a condition related
to aging that affects your sharp central vision
- retinal vessel occlusion, a condition that
causes the small blood vessels near the retina to be blocked
- retinitis pigmentosa, a rare genetic condition that
damages the retina
- retinal detachment, when the retina
detaches from the rest of the eye
Who
should be tested?
Healthy
adults under age 60 who aren’t experiencing vision problems should have a
refraction test every two years. Children should
have a refraction test at least once between the ages of 3 and 5. From 6 years
of age, a child should have
an annual test.
If
you currently wear prescription glasses or contact lenses, you should have a
refraction test every one to two years. This will allow your doctor to figure
out what prescription is necessary as your eyes change. If you’re having
problems with your vision between exams, you should see your eye doctor for
another refraction test.
If
you have diabetes you should have an eye
examination every year. A number of eye conditions are associated with
diabetes, such as diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma.
According to the American Diabetes Association,
people with diabetes are at a greater risk for blindness than other Americans.
If
you’re over 60 or have a family
history of glaucoma you should also have a refraction test every year. Glaucoma
occurs when pressure builds up in the eye, damaging the retina and the optic
nerve. Regular exams will help your eye doctor screen for glaucoma and other
eye conditions associated with aging and, if possible, treat them early.
What happens during the
test?
Your
doctor will first assess how light bends as it moves through your cornea and
the lens of your eyes. This test will help your eye doctor determine whether
you need corrective lenses and, if so, what type of prescription you need. Your
doctor may use a computerized refractor for this part of the test, or they may
simply shine a light into your eyes.
In the
computerized test, you look through a machine that measures the amount of light
reflected by your retina.
Your
doctor may also do this test without the help of a machine. In this case, they
will shine a light into each of your eyes and look at the amount of light that
is bouncing off your retina to measure your refractive score.
Afterward,
your doctor will determine exactly what prescription you need. For this part of
the test, you’ll be seated in front of a piece of equipment called a Phoroptor.
This looks like a large mask with holes for your eyes to look through. On a
wall about 20 feet in front of you will be a chart of letters. For children who
cannot yet identify letters, your doctor will use a chart with small pictures
of common items.
Testing
one eye at a time, your eye doctor will ask you to read the smallest row of
letters that you can see. Your doctor will change out the lenses on the
Phoroptor, asking you each time which lens is clearer. If you’re unsure, ask
your doctor to repeat the choices. When your eye doctor is finished testing one
eye, they will repeat the procedure for the other eye. Finally, they will come
up with the combination that comes closest to giving you 20/20 vision.
Everyone needs a refraction test
Regular
eye examinations are crucial for maintaining the health of your vision. They’re
a routine part of an eye doctor visit and require no preparation on your part.
They can help your doctor diagnose and treat conditions such as glaucoma and
determine the need for corrective lenses, among other things. Healthy adults
should have a refraction test every two years, while children need them
annually from age 6.
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